• Missing Mass of the Universe
  The theory is that the fabric of space-time is another state of matter with equivalent mass providing a gigantic amount of mass and gravitation.  This explains the present working of the universe.

• Missing Mass and Shape of Galaxies:
  There is no dark matter surrounding the galaxies.  The massive fabric of space-time provides a satisfactory explanation for the shape of the galaxies and the motion of the stars they contain.  Simply, all the galaxies are floating in the massive fluid of space-time.   Just look at the side-by-side photographs below of a spiral galaxy (below left) and a hurricane (below right).  The Hurricane has it's shape because it is floating in massive fluid of atmosphere.

• The Nuclear Force:
  There are no mysterious gluons responsible for the nuclear force.  This is explained in the nuclear force section.

• The Force Needed for the Expansion of the Universe:
  There are no anti-gravity forces (Newsweek. March 9-1998) responsible for the expansion of the universe.  The matter at the present time is melting and transforming into space-time:  hence the very volume of space-time which is the volume of the universe is constantly increasing.

• Proton Decay:
  The proton or other elementary particle decay has puzzled the scientific community for years.  The proton vanishes and can not be detected as energy or other particles.  The explanation is simple:  the proton melts and transforms into space-time.  The experiments should be designed to detect space-time and not energy.   Such experiments are challenging but rewarding.

• The Shape of Galactic Clouds:
  Following is the famous picture of the pillars of creation in Eagle Nebula (M16) taken by the Hubble Telescope with the footnote from Simon Goodwin, Hubble's Universe.

The Eagle Nebula is another star-forming nebula much like the Orion Nebula. At 7000 light years away in the constellation of Serpens, it is much further away than the Orion Nebula. Its alternative name, M16, is its designation in Charles Messier's catalogue of 1781. Messier compiled a list of objects in the sky that were 'fuzzy' and extended, unlike the pin-point images of stars. Objects with an M number (which are nebulae, star clusters or galaxies) can be seen with a small telescope or binoculars, or even the naked eye.

These pictures, taken with WF/PC2 on 1 April 1995, show vast columns of cool, dense gas about a light year in height. These columns are so dense that the stars within them are hidden from sight, their light unable to penetrate the gas surrounding them. The columns are mostly molecular hydrogen, two hydrogen atoms joined together, which is normally too fragile to exist outside of nebulae. This fragility arises from the fact that energetic light (such as ultraviolet light) is able to split the molecules when it hits them. The columns also contain a lot of microscopic particles mostly made of carbon, known as 'dust', that are able to form in the protective environment of a nebula.

The columns have such a strange shape because there are a few very young, massive stars just off the top of the picture which are 'blowing away' the gas and dust (in the same way as the Trapezium stars in the Orion Nebula). Their light is breaking up the molecu-lar hydrogen and heating up the gas in the cloud. When the gas gets hotter, it starts moving faster and eventually escapes from the nebula. The less dense parts of the nebula are evap-orated by the stars' radiation first, leaving behind these columns.

In this image, again, the colours of the gas indicate which atoms are emitting light in that area. This time red is sulphur, green is hydrogen and blue is oxygen.

Lets look again.  Below we have a photograph of an updraft cloud taken by GIFTT.  Notice the following: 

1. The reason for the shape of the cloud is the massive atmosphere in which the cloud is floating and growing.
2. The light at the crest of the cloud is diffraction of sunlight (we know that the water vapor at the crest is not radiating by itself).
3. The upper edge of the cloud has a somewhat ragged shape.   This is not due to the sun rays pushing the rest of the cloud down, it is because the cloud is mushrooming inside a massive atmosphere which inhibits its growth.

Now lets look at both photographs side-by-side and notice the similarities.

1. The shape of the Eagle Nebula is formed by gases and dust which are mushrooming and growing inside the massive space-time fluid.  Therefore, it looks exactly like a cloud.
2. The light at the crest of the galactic clouds comes from stars behind the clouds, hence the observed brilliant diffraction.
3. The pointed edges of the ragged-shape galactic cloud is created by the reverse push from the massive space-time in which the cloud is growing.   There are no solar-wind type pressures responsible for this ragged shape.